December21
It’s difficult to have a discussion of cloud computing these days without talking about Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). Paas, another hot acronym du jour, is essentially a cloud computing service that has been opened up into a platform that others can build upon, similar to the way that Windows or LAMP are platforms designed to be built upon. Utility computing is another common phrase in cloud computing discussions and primarily focuses on the business model of cloud computing with a “pay for what you use” model that reduces the waste and underutilization of traditional corporate data centers. While these are both important aspects of cloud computing, they don’t completely describe the individual types of cloud computing capability available today.
Within cloud computing itself there are a number of distinct types of services that can be provided and current vendors in the space tend to focus on one specific area or another. It should also be noted that by selecting a cloud computing type and vendor, you are also selecting an architecture. This is a significant decision since the architecture of a cloud computing service will dictate what how it can be used, what standards are supported, the amount of lock-in that is being imposed, and the flexibility, security, performance, and just about every other aspect, including ultimately what it’s possible to do.
Here are some of the types of cloud computing services that are emerging today:
1. Compute Clouds - Amazon’s EC2, Google App Engine, and Berkeley’s BOINC are all examples of compute clouds, albeit with very different models. Both of these services allow access to highly scalable, inexpensive, on-demand computing resources that run the code they are provided. Compute clouds are the most general purpose cloud computing services and can be used for a variety of purposes. While enterprises can use any of these services today, they are largely absent the standard management, monitoring, and governance capabilities that large organizations would expect and be familiar with. Amazon does offer enterprise-class support today for their compute cloud and its infrastructure and it’s highly open nature allows anyone to run the infrastructure management pieces they choose. There are also an emerging set of enterprise cloud computing offerings such as Terremark’s Enterprise Cloud that are designed for enterprise use.
2. Cloud Storage - Storage was one of the first major services to appear in the cloud and remains one of the most popular and well-addressed segments in the cloud computing realm. A list of 100 cloud storage services was recently released showing how crowded this market already is. Security and cost are the top issues and vary widely across offerings with Amazon’s S3 being the market leader at present.
3. Cloud Applications - Software applications that rely on infrastructure in the cloud fall into this category. Cloud applications are an off-premises form of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and can range from Web apps that are delivered into users entirely via a browser to hybrids like Microsoft Online Services, which is explicitly offloads hosting and IT management into the cloud, and consists of both native and Web clients with application infrastructure hosted elsewhere.
One type of cloud computing tends to defy traditional categorization and that’s harnessing human workers in the cloud, as a service. This is best exemplified by Amazon’s intriguing offering, Mechanical Turk, which plugs thousands of people into its on-demand cloud. This model includes any service which provides a consistent, service-oriented interface over a network to interact with people in a directed, collaborative manner. This is an on-demand form of outsourcing as well a cloud-based form of crowdsourcing.